How Fiber Optics Work essays

How Fiber Optics Work essays Thesis: In a fiber optic tube, the speed of light reflects from the cladding no matter what angle the fiber itself gets bent, even a full circle. Furthermore, because the cladding does not absorb any light from the core, the light waves can travel great distances. 3. Where was Fiber Optics discovered H. Transmitting Light through Fiber Optic Cables Our current age of technology is the result of many brilliant inventions and discoveries, but it is our ability to transmit information, and the media we use to do it, that is perhaps most responsible for its evolution. Progressing from the copper wire of a century ago to todays fiber optic cable, our increasing ability to transmit more information, more quickly and over longer distances has expanded the boundaries of our technological development in all areas. Fiber optic technologies are based on the same concept as the signal fires used in ancient China. Instead of sending the signals through the open air, however, a laser sends pulses of light to their destination through a thin strand of transparent glass. At the receiving end, an optical sensor decodes the light pulses with a complex set of standard codes. In some ways, it's also similar to the way people decode the dots and dashes of Morse code. In a fiber optic tube, the speed of light reflects from the cladding no mat ter what angle the fiber itself gets bent, even a full circle. Furthermore, because the cladding does not absorb any light from the core, the light waves can travel great distances. Craig C. Freudenrich, Ph.d defines fiber optics (optical fibers) as long, thin strands of very pure glass about the diameter of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and used to transmit light signals over long distances (par 2). Scientists at Corning Glass Works & Bell Telephone Labs, in the early 1970's, made the significant breakthroughs in optical fiber, to make it realistic to use...

Jarir Bookstore

Jarir Bookstore Individual Project Introduction The government of Saudi Arabia adopted a new labor in 2012 that compels companies in the private sector to employ more Saudis than foreigners. The government adopted the new law in order to reduce the high unemployment rate in the country. However, the law is expected to have significant effects in various industries in the country because most companies depend on the labor supplied by foreigners rather than Saudis (Hamdan).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Jarir Bookstore specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will analyze the effect of this law on Jarir Bookstore, which is a leading retail company in Saudi Arabia. The company supplies computers, office equipment, and books among other products (Jarir). In particular, it will shed light on the risks associated with the legislation and the strategies that the company has adopted to overcome them. Additionally, it will highligh t the future implications of the new law to the company and its stakeholders. The Major Issues In November 2012, the government of Saudi Arabia enacted a new labor law that forces all private companies in the country to hire more Saudis than foreigners (Hamdan). This law was adopted against the backdrop of rising unemployment rate in the country. According to the new law, the number of Saudis working in private companies must exceed that of foreigners. Companies that fail to comply with this law are expected to pay a fine of approximately $640 annually for each employee from a foreign country (Hamdan). Jarir Bookstore is one the companies that were negatively affected by the new labor law. In 2012, the company had more than one thousand employees who were working in its stores in Saudi Arabia (Jarir). 60% of the employees were expats from Asian countries (Jarir). This means that the company had to pay the fine of $640 per foreign employee in order to maintain 60% of its workforce. I n this regard, the operating cost of the company was likely to increase because it was not ready to absorb the extra labor costs associated with the fine. Since its inception in 1979, Jarir Bookstore has focused on employing foreigners in order to reduce its operating costs. This strategy was based on the fact that expats demand lower wages than Saudis (Madhi and Barrientos 70-77). Thus, it is cheaper to employ foreigners than Saudis. In addition, most Saudis are reluctant to work in the private sector because the public sector pays higher wages. Since the company operates in cosmopolitan cities within Saudi Arabia, it prefers to employ people with good command of English and other international languages in order to serve its diverse clientele effectively. In this regard, the company hires multilingual foreigners since most Saudis speak only in Arabic rather than international languages such as English. Thus, replacing the expats was likely to have negative effects on the competiti veness of the company.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Resolution Even though the enactment of the law came as a surprise to the company, it had no choice but to comply with it in order to avoid the costs associated with the fine. In order to prevent disruptions in its operations, the company had to replace most of the expats in its workforce immediately. Almost 80% of the company’s workforce consists of frontline employees who are responsible for performing duties such as sales and fulfilling customers’ orders (Jarir). Even though most Saudis are qualified to perform clerical and supervision, as well as, sales and marketing related duties, the company had trouble in replacing its frontline employees. This is because most of the new hires did not have the commitment that the expats had. Besides, most of them were fresh graduates from colleges and universities. Thus, they did not have adequate work experience that would enable them to fit into the organization without training. In response to this challenge, the company had to review its staffing policies in order to hire the right people. In particular, the company had to identify the job requirements that new recruits had to meet in order to be hired. This included possession of excellent skills in areas such as communication, negotiation, and leadership (Jarir). Moreover, the company designed and implemented training and development programs in order to enable the new recruits to acquire the skills that they needed in order to perform their duties effectively. The company has had to change its human resource policies in order to attract and retain the best talent from Saudi. This involved offering attractive remuneration packages, flexible shift schedules, and acceptable work environment. In addition, the company implemented a performance-based pay system in order to moti vate the employees and to improve their productivity (Jarir). A performance-based pay system involves rewarding employees who are able to meet or exceed their targets (Martin 75). At Jarir Bookstore, the employees were paid annual bonuses if they achieved predetermined conditions such as sales targets. The Future Implications The new labor law has several future implications for the company and its stakeholders. To begin with, the company will have to look for alternative ways of reducing its operating costs. This is because it can no longer depend on cheap labor to maintain low costs. In this regard, the company is likely to focus on the use of modern technologies to reduce its operating costs in the long-term. This will involve the use of technologies that reduce human involvement in the provision of its services. For example, the company has already established a sales and marketing website that enables it to reach its customers (Jarir). Thus, the company is likely to focus on on line sales rather than the store model in future. This will help it to reduce the number of employees that it needs to serve its customers, thereby reducing its operating costs.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Jarir Bookstore specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second implication is that the company will have to strengthen its employ retention programs in order to reduce labor turnover. This is because the competition for skilled labor is likely to increase as more companies comply with the new law in future. Labor turnover is often high in markets where companies are competing for the few skilled workers. This is because employees will prefer to work for the few companies that are able to offer high wages (Hartel and Fujimoto 96). Consequently, the cost of acquiring talent is likely to increase significantly. The company can avoid losing its valuable employees by improving their commitment and job satisfactio n. The third implication is that the morale of the employees is likely to reduce as the expats leave the company. Employees usually lose morale in their work when a large number of their colleagues leave the workplace. This is because existing work relationships are destroyed and the remaining employees might not have adequate sources of support in their work (Hartel and Fujimoto 112). In addition, conflicts are likely to arise if the company is not able to integrate the new hires with the remaining employees. In this regard, the company will have to implement team-building initiatives in order to improve cohesion among its employees. Finally, the new law will enable the company to improve its reputation in the country by providing jobs to Saudis. Currently, the company has a bad reputation in the country because its staffing policies favor foreigners. However, the company’s reputation is likely to improve as it begins to hire more Saudis as required by the law. The Risks The implementation of the new labor law was associated with the following risks. First, the company was likely to lose its investments in knowledge and skill development as it replaced its employees from foreign countries. The company had already spent its scarce resources to train the expats on areas such as customer service, sales, marketing, and management. The benefits of this investment such as creativity among employees were likely to be lost if a large number of the expats left the company. This would reduce the firm’s competitiveness by limiting its ability to engage in product and process innovation (Madhi and Barrientos 70-77). Second, the company was likely to face disruptions in its operations if it was not able to find skilled Saudis to replace the expatriates. This is because the process of replacing employees who leave the company often takes a lot of time. Third, the company’s operating costs were likely to rise because hiring Saudis would increase the lab or costs, whereas employing foreigners would attract high fines. High operating costs was likely to reduce the company’s profits, thereby limiting its ability to expand to other markets.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The strategies that have helped the company to overcome these risks include the following. First, company has implemented training and development programs in order to replace the lost skills and knowledge in its workforce (Jarir). These programs will enable the firm to improve the competence of new hires, thereby increasing its competitiveness in terms of ability to meet market needs. Second, the company has focused on reducing labor turnover in order to avoid losing its talented employees. This involves using intrinsic rewards such as promotions, as well as, extrinsic rewards such as bonuses to improve job satisfaction, motivation, and employees’ commitment. Finally, the company has embarked on cost cutting measures in order to absorb the high cost of hiring Saudis. This involves outsourcing processes such as transportation and logistics. Conclusion The aim of this paper was to analyze the effects of Saudi Arabia’s new labor law on Jarir Bookstore. The new law requir es private companies to employ more Saudis than foreigners. Jarir Bookstore focused on employing more foreigners than Saudis in order to reduce its labor costs. The main effects of the law included increased operating costs and loss of skilled employees. However, the company is also likely to improve its reputation in the country by employing Saudis. The company has not only complied with the new law, but has also implemented strategies to cope with its negative effects. The strategies it has adopted include staff training programs, cost cutting measures, and staff retention schemes. Hamdan, Sara. Saudi Arabia to Fine Firms with too Many Foreign Workers. New York Times, 21 Nov. 2012. Web. Hartel, Charmaine and Yuka Fujimoto. Human Resource Management. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Print. Jarir. Company Profile. Jarir Bookstore, 31 Dec. 2012. Web. Madhi, Salah and Armando Barrientos. Saudisation and Employment in Saudi Arabia. Career Development International 8.2 (2012): 70-77. Print . Martin, John. Human Resource Management. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Print.

The Role of Nurses in Recovery Efforts after Wildfire Disaster Assignment

The Role of Nurses in Recovery Efforts after Wildfire Disaster - Assignment Example Since Wayne is a member of the community, it will prove easier for him to interact with the people and carry out a positive assessment. The recovery priorities should depend on the needs of the community members, without any bias regarding friends and family members. Victims that Require a Crisis Intervention According to previous research, it is evident that children and adolescents define the most the vulnerable groups that require crisis intervention. Children who face wildfires are likely to exhibit behavioral aspects such as anxiety, fear, nightmares, depression, acting out and guilt. Therefore, they require immediate intervention so that the trauma does not affect their development. Since children do not understand the factors that trigger disasters, they are less likely to cope easily. Whereas adults are able to cope with the disaster in a short while, children and adolescents need expertise intervention and guidance (Maurer & Smith, 2013). Major Health Concerns after the Wild fire A wildfire results in smoker from trees exposing people to particulate matter and different toxins. These contaminants in smoke are likely to cause respiratory diseases. Wayne should identify this as a major health concern. In addition, the contaminants from wildfires may also cause cardiovascular, psychiatric, and ophthalmic complications. Different levels of burns may also pose the risk of organ failure. Victims may face direct or indirect burns, which may affect various organs, compelling them to seek treatment.

A Bar at the Folies-Bergre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Bar at the Folies-Bergre - Essay Example There is also a seemingly displaced symmetry of the lights that have been placed on the pillars that are behind the woman. The illusions on the reflection of the woman on the mirror prompt one to change their thoughts great meaning about the woman on the painting. The comparison of the woman’s frontal image and the image of her that is reflected on the mirror that is behind her conveys a certain the painting can be difference and a form of tension. This tension can be interpreted to be the difference between the way that a customer at the bar sees the woman and the way that the painter sees her, or the difference between the illusion of the calm that the woman presents and the reality that is the chaos in her life.. In other words, the woman is not necessarily what she seems. The use of classical iconography in the painting can be studied to provide clues as to whom the woman really is. The roses that are on the painting have been placed in a glass of water have great meaning. The white rose is a symbol of purity while the pink rose is a symbol of divine love. There are also white roses on the woman’s corsage. This is done to present the woman as a representative of ancient deity in modern times. There is also a crystal bowl of tangerines that have been placed on the bar. The tangerines provide color to the painting as they are glossy and are also an iconographic representation. This is because they are often used as a substitute for apples in the Christian iconography.

The length and width Essay Example for Free

The length and width Essay This is due to the electron s for a long distance than before. Thus we say the resistance increases. When the width of the wire increases, the hindrance for the flow of electrons increases. Because the space through which electrons flow increases. Thus we say that the resistance decreases Preliminary Width of the wire ( mm) Length of wire (mm) Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance ( ? ). From this preliminary experiment I will increase the length of the wire up to 30cm in order to get the reliable results. The reason why I chose the thin wire is because to get a high resistance and therefore it is easy to measure. I have used three different widths because I want to find out width gives the best results. To get precise measurement I will measure the value of the current and voltage up to two decimal places. Obtaining evidence This is how the set up of my apparatus looks like. First I join everything together and check if everything is in the right place. Then I adjust the 30cm length of wire to the length of 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm and 25cm, with the help of the crocodile clip. After that I change the resistance by means of the variable resister to get an accurate measurement /result of the current and voltage for each length. Actual experiment Width of the wire ( mm) Length of wire (mm) Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance ( ? ) Safety When the experiment has been started the wire becomes hot. The safety here is to put the things (e. g. paper, books, exercise books etc. which are inflammable) to a side, so that it cannot come into contact with the wire. After finishing the experiment turn the current off. Length (cm) Average Resistance   I can use the results not with 100% certainty; I can rely only on 60%. This is in regard to change in resistance caused by the charge on the length of the wire. This is in regard to the change in resistance caused by the change in length of the wire. As far as concerning the change in resistance due to change the width of the wire are anomalous. Analysis My experiment shows longer the wire higher the resistance. That is, when the length of the wire increases, resistance increases. Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the wire. Resistance of wire ? length of the wire Resistance = k x length Observation K Constant First 0. 21/5 0. 04 Second 0. 45/10 0. 04 Third 0. 58/15 0. 04 Fourth 0. 87/20 0. 04 Fifth 0. 95/25 0. 04 From the above table, this numerical calculations shows that the resistance is directly proportional to the length of the wire. If I double the length of the wire, the resistance also get doubled as a result. My experiment ,in respect of the conductor with the length of 15cm, shows that the current flow is directly proportional to the potential difference. The voltage ? current In respect of other length of the conductors (5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm and 25cm) there is a variation in the second decimal of the constant figure. These discrepancies may be due to the slight changes of the external temperature of the conductor when current passes through the conductors. It may be also due to the reading of the ammeter and voltmeter by the eye. Evaluation My results are reasonably good as far as concerning the change of resistance due to the change in length of the conductor. My results are fairly good as far as concerning the Ohms law. That is, the current passes through the conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the conductor provided the temperature remains constant. My results were not at all good as far as concerning changes of the resistance due to changes in the width of the conductor. My graph which shows the resistance and length of the conductor is a straight line which passes through the origin and 3 points. Two points stays out of the line. For the variation of the resistant, I could not draw one line on one graph and I have drawn 5 lines on one graph. I could not draw my conclusion on the graph because the variations of the width are not great enough to produce significant variation in the resistance. Only 2 points fell on the line and the third one slipped out. If the straight line passes through 3 points on the graph we can depend on the reliability (length against resistance graph). In contrast in the width against resistance graph, only 2 points falls on the straight line. Therefore I cannot depend on the reliability. This anomaly is due to the fact that the wires which I have chosen are not considerably vary in thickness (width). Another way of doing that is to take reading using the constantan wire and then the second reading connecting 2 wires as shown in the prediction and keep on doing this for 3, 4 wires. The anomalous points on the graph (2 points) may be due to the crocodile clips which were not properly attached. There may be lack of specification in observing the ammeter and voltmeter with the eye. There may be fluctuation in the external and in the internal temperature of the conductor. I can use a conductor made of nichrome which is an alloy of 60% nickel, 24% iron and 16% chromium. Accurate laboratory standard are made from a coil of resistance wire inside a protective plastic case. 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

LVMH strategic analysis :: essays research papers

Challenge statement: â€Å"Despite worldwide softness in the sale of luxury goods, LVMH has cemented its position as the world’s largest and most profitable player in the category. To stay there it must keep its customers loyal and its brand strong and find new markets worldwide† (Hazlett C. 2004). That is why in its mission they state to represent the most refined qualities of Western â€Å" art de vivre† all around the world. Their objective is to be the leader in the luxury market, continuing to transmit elegance and creativity. This poses some major challenges, the main one is to keep being the leader in the luxury market through a sustainable growth. The main problem to achieve it is the high dependency on three main countries, France, Japan and USA. This becomes a threat because if there is an economic downturn in one country it affects LVMH directly that is why. ANALYSIS Financial analysis. LVMH founds itself in a stable financial situation. Being positioned as the market leader they have better financial results than the rest of the competitors. Although the sales results for 2004 were under the industry’s average the overall performance over the last 5 years was 3% higher then the industry. It is important to note that the major owner of the company’s capital is present CEO Bernard Arnault with 47.52% of the control of the company with 64% of voting rights. This may have an Important impact in the overall performance and operating decision taken in the company. Marketing system After a 4 P analysis of the company one found that it found itself in a luxury market where product quality and constant innovation are key points for the success. That is why the production process and its design can take even months. Product line is extensive however it is only conformed of high priced products. Price in this case is a guarantee of the quality present in the product. Moreover, high pricing represent an element of differentiation that the customer appreciates. However this is not a setback, LVMH has managed to have world wide presence and success. To accomplish it its selective retailing division is of high importance. Nevertheless, promotion posses the major challenge since its through this that the image of the product its transmitted that is why the company poses a major part of its budget in this section. It is Important to note that the percentage allocated is higher than those of most competitors.

NTFS filing system Essay

NTFS is the newer filing system from Windows only Windows 2000 and higher use NTFS and FAT32. Which file system is intended primarily for use in large USB flash drives? I think it would be NTSF it a little more better an newer when it comes to the new OS out there like windows 8/7/ and maybe Vista XP just in case you have application that might run better on vista and XP. Plus since USB didn’t come out until Windows 98 well that when I first saw a USB port Which file system provides support for larger hard drives and better security in the form of encryption and permissions that restrict access by unauthorized users? NTFS is use for security encryption. FAT32 has no security encryption that one reason why Microsoft made NTSF so people can some type of security encryption. It is available in all versions of Windows developed for business environments from Windows 2000 onwards. Encryption is the process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parti es can read it. Encryption does not of itself prevent interception, but denies the message content to the interceptor There is also the Encrypting File System EFS on Microsoft Windows is a feature introduced in version 3.0 of NTFS that provides file system-level encryption. The technology enables files to be transparently encrypted to protect confidential data from attackers with physical access to the computer. EFS is available in all versions of Windows developed for business environments from Windows 2000 onwards .By default, no files are encrypted, but encryption can be enabled by users on a per-file, per-directory, or per-drive basis. Some EFS settings can also be mandated via Group Policy in Windows domain environments. Cryptographic file system implementations for other operating systems are available, but the Microsoft EFS is not compatible with any of them. Why FAT32 is preferred over NTFS file system? I didn’t know people like FAT 31 over NTFS until I took this class.so when I look it up in my text book to see why would someone would preferred FAT32 over NTSF in its because it is recommended for hard disks only if the hard disk must also be accessed by dual- booting with an older version of Windows like Windows 95, 98, or Me. Then I understand since NTSF is not supported by Windows 95, 98, and Me. As with most old software it won’t support new technology unless the new tech is made for the old software but I see people preferred NTFS since it more up to date if someone ask me which one is better FAT32 or NTFS I would tell then to get NTFS.

High School Attendance Essay

High school represents a stage where majority of students grow up and attain an advanced degree of self-comprehension. This period is therefore very vital both to immediate school life and the life beyond school. Mandatory school turn out could well reflect the importance placed on schooling as well as the appreciation of the role education plays in preparing children and youth to become productive adults. Students who consistently attend school are exposed to more learning than their counterparts who exhibit infrequent school turn out. Chances for students excelling academically are directly proportional to the number of instances students are present in school. On the contrary, scholars who skip school are more likely to be involved in grave social harms and enter into troubles. Truancy, or Skipping School, is the term given to unjustifiable school absenteeism with no knowledge of guardians or parents. Recurring illnesses and family problems usually result in absenteeism. However, such absenteeism is not of crucial concern to school administrators. Rather, unjustifiable absenteeism is the bone of contention plaguing schools both in America and elsewhere. Chronic absenteeism predisposes student offenders to both academic and social problems. Every state requires all school-age juveniles to be present at school. Research has persistently established that a student’s academic accomplishment is more closely linked to school punctuality and attendance than any other factor that is controllable by the student and their families. Recurrent student absentees depict poor performance and are prone to penalization through exam scores. It is necessary that students are present in classrooms to profit by listening to teachers and interacting and exchanging ideas with fellow students and teachers. Extreme nonattendance influences the classroom culture by occasioning unsatisfactory or incomplete work, undermining of academic progress, reduced course scores and limited ability to satisfy curricular principles. Thus students who desire to excel academically ought to consistently attend classes; instructors ought to also courage school attendance. Constant absenteeism and truancy usually are prerequisites to premature exit from school and negatively affect students, the grown ups they eventually become and surrounding society. The National Center for School Engagement in 2007 stated that truants exhibit lower scores, get barred out of school, leave school or they have lower high school graduation rates than counterparts exhibiting lower instances of unjustifiable absenteeism. It was also established that particular schools expel student low-achievers and truants with a view to push up mean academic performance as reflected by grade promotion, grades and graduation frequencies. Chronic truancy student offenders exhibit some mannerisms that interrupt classes thus making teachers’ instruction work difficult and hampering students’ learning experiences. Administrators are thus obligated to spend more time attending to disciplinary concerns at the expense of normal school activities. Findings of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) 2001 research link truancy to additional problems like drug and substance misuse, mob activity, vandalism, delinquency, weighty criminal activity( burglary and automobile theft) and quitting school. Other researchers have determined that truancy per se can result in, (or strengthen present) risk activities, provided that out-of-school students are not supervised and are alienated from positive peers’ and adults’ influence. Male criminal tendencies’ studies have linked truancy with later-year violent offences. In addition, grown ups who exhibited truancy in juvenile years have increases likelihood of having poor social dexterity, hold low paying occupations, are extra probable to depend on Welfare Support and are increasingly likely to be imprisoned. Gangs of young individuals roaming the streets at school times appear menacing. Increased truancy in Tacoma Washington was linked to juvenile-committed crimes like vandalism and burglary. School districts having elevated truancy instances exhibit rock bottom educational performance rates. Such connection usually is established by way of truancy regulations which consider automatic course failure where scholars are often absent. Thus scholars who inconsistently attend school are less likely to clear from high school. The National Center for Education Statistics estimates that from 1992 to 2002, 3 million juveniles (16-21 years) have not completed or have not been admitted to high school. Such figures represent close to eleven percent of United States juveniles. In the group, disproportionate minority scholars’ numbers exist. For instance, thirty percent Hispanics don’t successfully go through school. The figures go up to forty four percent if overseas-born students are included. High school failure affects individual students as well as the society. Affected scholars are unable to join college, are more prone to getting low-salaried occupations and experience political indifference. In return, such individuals represent losses in levy income, may have health complications, and are a burden on communal services. The US Department of Labor estimates that 6. 7% of adult persons without high school qualifications are probable to be without a job. On the other hand, as concerns those having an undergraduate degree, a mere 1. 8 percent have unemployment probabilities. Truancy affects not only the youth offenders but also the grown ups they ultimately become. Grown ups who exhibited youth chronic truancy at school are faced with higher risks of experiencing many problems such as poor mental and physical health, welfare and poverty, incarceration and bringing up children who also depict problem mannerisms. A 1996 to 1997 research indicates that school administrators regarded absenteeism, tardiness, physical disagreements, and skipping classes as the leading three grave discipline matters in schools. Past studies have revealed that school attendance rates start dwindling at middle school. a mere 55. 1 percent of Latino learners, 87. 5 percent of Korean American scholars, 42. 6 percent of African American learners, 90 percent of Japanese American scholars , 94. 1 percent of Chinese American scholars and 52. 1 percent of Native American learners are present in 91 to 100 percent of their entire classes. A 1995 study in Los Angeles Unified School District concluded that five percent of scholars unjustifiably absent themselves from school per day. A similar Denver survey established that twenty percent of students in community schools satisfied the requirements to be regarded as truant in 2006. By high school, numbers progressively drop thus upholding inter-group gaps. A mere 37. 8 percent of Filipino scholars, 21. 5 percent of native American scholars, 24 percent of Latino scholars, 59. 8 percent of Korean American scholars, 68. 43 percent of Chinese American scholars and 18. 6 percent of African American scholars attend ninety one to one hundred percent of classes. A Minneapolis study established that learners who attended 95% of class time had double chances of excelling in State language-arts examinations as compared to counterparts who attended for 85% class time. After review of attendance guidelines, it was established that Minnesota students having one percent attendance increase had I% State mathematics and reading examinations increases. It was also determined that mathematics grades are principally sensitive and responsive to attendance variations. In Rochester and Buffalo, research concluded that learners having between eighty five and one hundred percent State English Examinations’ scores had been present in school for a mean of ninety three percent of stipulated time. Students scoring below fifty four percent had attended for eighty five percent of school time. San Franciscan reports illustrate conspicuous disparities between achievement and attendance which recently prompted the city’s school monitor to instruct local authorities to maintain consistent school attendance rates. A Connecticut Naugatuck High School study revealed that ninety percent of frequent student absentees failed in not less than one course in First Quarter scores. Timely school attendance is crucial in maintaining the knowledge environment as well as satisfying personal learning requirements. Students increase the probabilities of achieving sustainability in learning and nurturing of desirable habits cherished by potential post-school employers by observing punctuality and consistent school turnout. Poor school turnout can result in poor examination results, pre-mature school exit and poor life opportunities for students. Research findings have established that students, who consistently attend school thus obtaining higher scores, enjoy school-life more and are happier after exiting school. Proper school attendance also results in better employment prospects and consequently reduced welfare reliance. By consistently attending classes, students area able to obtain the knowledge, attitudes plus skills which are essential for efficient school and later-life learning. Poor turn out is linked to learner alienation plus disengagement, factors which could result in school drop out. The consequences arising from school non-attendance are grave for students. Research has established that students who develop the habits of being punctual and ever-present at school have the inherent conviction that school life will aid them attain future objectives. Such students also gain skills in budgeting their time so as to maintain punctuality, since they know in their subconscious, that their presence in class maximizes learning experiences. Such students grow to become a mutual society of learners who attain educational excellence and develop essential skills necessary to transform them into imaginative thinkers, enduring learners and accountable community associates in a dynamic diverse world. When large numbers of students are consistently absent, co-operative efforts between teacher and students to develop skill are thwarted. Other than failing academically, frequent student class absentees have higher probabilities of finding themselves on the wrong side of the law and occasion community problems. An Arizona Rodel Community Scholars 2008 research involving tracking scholars from nursery school to high school established that exit patterns and poor attendance are related. Obvious behavioral disparities, between students who pursue education up to graduation and drop outs, were detected. Drop outs had absented themselves by a mean of one hundred and twenty four days by the time they were in grade eight. Truancy negatively affects school and communities economically in the long run. State assistance is usually disbursed to districts and schools on the basis of mean daily turn out. This is especially true for schools that depend on financial assistance on the basis of Full Time Equivalent principles. Monetary losses owing to high absenteeism rates are extreme. For instance, absenteeism results in $19 loss for each student for every day in Unified School District of Oakland. The figures translate to $4 million each year. Truancy therefore has the potential to influence the outcome of a school. Numerous States’ school expenditure projections are developed based on mean daily turn outs per school. Such expenditure projections are harmed owing to student absenteeism. Incase numerous students consistently absent themselves; schools are left with little money to cater for necessary classroom requirements. Utilization of turnout as a pointer to the effectiveness of a school influences the disbursement of national wealth to districts and schools. Since truancy is usually a prerequisite for quitting school, public coffers are ultimately affected by the vice. Research has determined that a person who drops out of high school expends a life-span mean of $200,000 of public finances more than similar expenditure for conventional high school students. Such additional public expenditure results from lost levy income, criminal integrity, medical care and expenditures on community services and imprisonment. In most schools, students are accountable for make-up activities related to excusable absenteeism. An appropriate time, prior to or following conventional school time, is sought to by students handle the work assisted by teachers. Incase students are unavailable during this time, they have to set other occasions to pick assignments and submit the same to teachers. This is quite inconveniencing for students and could lead to low productivity and thus lower grades. Schools exhibiting high truancy rates experience reduced student learning and also reduced instructional instances. When absent, students miss learning experiences and teachers have to attempt top offer remediation upon resurfacing of the students. This results in extra reduction of instructional occasions by fellow students. Absenteeism consequences pour out of the school into the community. Low educational achievement coupled with progressive reduction of tuition time among chronic student absentees is a sure recipe for imminent school quitting. Drop outs adopt delinquent and criminal lifestyles affecting society tremendously. A 1999 Lee and Lotz research has revealed that delinquency is more among poor performing students with erratic attendances who then quit school. Another 1993 study states that truancy precipitates delinquency and grown up crime later as is depicted in Georgia where 82% of prisoners are drop outs from high school. Some schools require that students be present at school for a minimum of ninety percent of school sessions each term. School management boards could reject progression to subsequent grades to students who violate these stipulations. some existing regulations state that class absenteeism, with the exception of conventional instances, is factored in determining percent attendance as well as promotion eligibility. Some tougher penalties have been determined elsewhere. For instance, Connecticut’s authorities have enacted regulation that calls for imposition of fines amounting to $25 per day, to the offending student, the parents or both, for chronic truancy.

the boy who

the boy who MEI STRUCTURED MATHEMATICSMarking C3 Coursework10 tips to ensure that the right mark isawardedMEI Conference 2013 Marking C3 Coursework Page 2Marking C3 CourseworkC3 coursework is very prescriptive. Providing assessors follow the criteria carefully there is no problem with the assessment. However, there are difficulties for the External moderator.à ¢Ã‚€Â ¢ Errors are made in the marking à ¢Ã‚€Â ¢ Work is not checked but assumed to be correct. à ¢Ã‚€Â ¢ Credit is given for work that is not evident.It is not a question of "what is a good piece of coursework?" but "how can I ensure that I give an appropriate mark?" 1 Terminology This task is all about solving equations. Therefore, candidates should write equations. Persistent errors should be penalised in domain 5. Examples which should be penalised: I am going to solve the equation x3 à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 4x à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 1. I am going to solve the equation y = x3 à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 4x à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 1. I am going to solve the equation f(x) = x3 à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 4x à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 1. Correct terminology: I am going to solve the equation x3 à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 4x à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 1 = 0. Or I am going to solve the equation f(x) = 0 where f(x) = x3 à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 4x à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 1. 2 Illustrations All three methods require a graph and an illustration for both success and failure. A graph of the function is not an illustration of the method. Example I am going to solve the equation x3 à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 4x à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 1 = 0 Here is a graph of y = x3 à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 4x à ¢Ã‚ˆÂ’ 1.MEI Conference 2013 Marking C3 Coursework Page 3You can see from the graph that there is a root of the equation in the range [1,2] which I shall find. This is not enough - only the graph has been drawn.English: Fifteen figure accuracy in Excel

2016 Presidential Race - Candidates and Results

2016 Presidential Race - Candidates and Results The 2016 presidential race concluded on the evening of Nov. 8, 2016, with the election of Republican Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States. Trump, a billionaire real-estate developer, businessman and reality-television star, defeated Democrat Hillary Clinton, a former U.S. senator from New York and secretary of the Department of State under President Barack Obama.   Trump was widely portrayed as the underdog right up to Election Day given his lack of political experience -   he had never before served in elected office -   and polls that showed he was trailing Clinton badly in key battleground states. Trump, however, stunned the American political establishment and observers around the world by leading a voter revolt against the Beltway elites he railed against on the campaign trail.   Trump won the electoral vote but lost the popular vote, becoming only the fifth president to get to the White House without winning the popular vote.  The only other modern president elected with fewer actual votes than his challenger was  Republican George W. Bush in 2000, who carried 30 states and 271 electoral votes to defeat Democratic presidential nominee Al Gore. Issues in 2016 Presidential Race The 2016 president race was decided by working class white voters, including women who tend to vote for Democrats and were expected to side with the first female presidential nominee from a major party. Those working class white voters  felt left behind by the modest economic rebound from The Great Recession and voted for Trump  because of his promise to renegotiate trade deals with countries including China and levy stiff tariffs on goods imported from these countries. Trumps position on trade was seen as a way to stop companies from shipping jobs overseas, though many economists pointed out taxing imports would drive up costs to American consumers first.His message resonated with white working-class voters, especially those who live in former steel and manufacturing towns. Skilled craftsmen and tradespeople and factory workers have seen the jobs they loved shipped thousands of miles away, Trump said at a rally near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Voters also distrusted Clinton because of the many scandals surrounding her during her tenure as secretary of State and first lady to President Bill Clinton. Clinton could not escape criticism of her use of a personal email account during her time as secretary of State, which appeared to be in violation of the Federal Records Act, a 1950 law that mandates the preservation of most records related to conducting government business.   Late in the 2016 presidential race - many called it the October Surprise of 2016 -   the Federal Bureau of Investigation announced unexpectedly it was conducting a  review Clintons emails, an unprecedented move that enraged her supporters and threw the contest with Trump into doubt.  FBI Director James Comey made the announcement 11 days before the 2016 presidential election, a move many critics said cost Clinton votes. Comey later said the email contained no new information. Still, the damage was done, and the disclosures only served as a reminder of the scandal-ridden Clinton years in the White House. Vice Presidential Running Mates in 2016 Trump chose as his running mate Indiana Gov. Mike Pence, a former member of Congress known as a ​conservatives conservative. In choosing Pence, the Trump campaign sought to portray the Republican ticket as the  law and order candidates, drawing a stark contrast between themselves and an opponent they portrayed as untrustworthy.  What a difference  between crooked Hillary Clinton and Mike Pence ... Hes a  solid, solid person, Trump said in introducing Pence. Clinton chose as her running mate Democratic U.S. Sen. Tim Kaine of Virginia. Kaine was a Democratic Party insider who was seen as a safe pick, one who would help deliver the swing state of Virginia to Clinton, just as a did for Obama in 2008. Kaine is a  Harvard Law School graduate who served as chairman of the Democratic National Committee and previously was governor of Virginia. Key Dates in the 2016 Presidential Race Here are some of the most important developments during the 2016 presidential election. April 12, 2015: Clinton announces her candidacy, stating:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Everyday Americans need a champion. And I want to be that champion.†Ã‚   June 16, 2015: Trump announces his candidacy, stating: We need somebody that literally will take this country and make it great again. We can do that.July 22, 2016: Trump accepts the Republican Partys nomination, stating: My message is that things have to change, and they have to change right now. July 26, 2016: Clinton accepts the Democratic Partys nomination, stating:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Standing here as my mother’s daughter, and my daughter’s mother, I’m so happy this day has come. When any barrier falls in America, for anyone, it clears the way for everyone.† Nov. 8, 2016: Trump wins the presidential election, stating: Working together, we will begin the urgent task of rebuilding our nation and renewing the American dream. Polls in the 2016 Presidential Races Polls consistently showed Clinton leading Trump in the national popular vote. In the spring of 2016, when the primaries were still ongoing, Clinton was leading Trump in a then-hypothetical election race by double digits, between 10 and 11 percentage points.   Clintons popular vote narrowed and expanded following the Republican National Convention in Cleveland, Ohio, and the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. But Trump never led the national popular vote, according to an average of all reliable surveys compiled by RealClearPolitics. Those national polls turned out to be accurate; Clinton did win the popular vote. But statewide polls failed to gauge the surge for Trump in the final days of the 2016 presidential race. In Pennsylvania, for example, most polls had Clinton holding a solid lead, but Trump won by a narrow margin. Polls conducted in Michigan, too, had Clinton up by more than 3 points, but Trump narrowly won that state. Pollsters have said their surveys failed to detect a late surge for Trump, and that many Trump supporters who were skeptical of political polls and the media refused to participate, suppressing the Republicans performance in their results. Spending in the 2016 Presidential Race Spending in the 2016 president race totaled nearly $2.7 billion, according to projections from the nonprofit Center for Responsive Politics in Washington, D.C.  That includes spending by the presidential candidates and their campaigns, political parties and independent interest groups trying to influence federal elections. Thats actually a decline from the $2.8 billion spent in the 2008 president race between Democrat Barack Obama and Republican John McCain. Federal Election Commission data show the presidential candidates raised about $1.5 billion; Clinton led the pack with $564 million. Trump raised about $333 million. Super PACs raised about $615 million.   Electoral and Popular Vote Results of the 2016 Presidential Race Trump won 306 electoral votes to Clintons 232 electoral votes. Though Trumps win was stunning to many, it is not considered a landslide. In presidential elections, a landslide election is  one in which the winning candidate secures at least 375 or 70 percent of the 538 electoral votes in the Electoral College. While Trump won about 57 percent of the electoral vote, he captured less than 46 percent of the actual votes cast. Clinton won the popular vote with 65.9 million or 48 percent of the the votes cast to Trumps 63 million. Trump won 31 states in all to Clintons 19 states. He won a handful of big battleground states that hadnt been captured by a Republican presidential nominee in years, including Pennsylvania, Ohio, Florida and Michigan. This mismatch between the electoral and popular votes came about because Trump won several large states (such as Florida, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin) by very narrow margins, gaining all their electoral votes in the process, even as Clinton claimed other large states (such as California, Illinois and New York) by much wider margins, wrote Drew DeSilver of the Pew Research Center.  Trump’s share of the popular vote, in fact, was the seventh-smallest winning percentage since 1828, when presidential campaigns began to resemble those of today. The biggest surprise  of the 2016 presidential race was Trumps ability to recapture key states that had tended to vote for Democratic nominees in the previous president election including: Pennsylvania, where Trump won by less than 1 percentage point to take the states 20 electoral votes.   Florida, where Trump won by a little more than 1 percentage point to carry the states 29 electoral votes. Ohio,  where Trump won by about 18 percentage points to carry the states 18 electoral votes. Michigan,  where Trump won by less than 1 percentage point to carry the states 16 electoral votes. Wisconsin,  where Trump won by less than 1 percentage point to carry the states 10  electoral votes. Iowa,  where Trump won by about 9 percentage points to carry the states 6  electoral votes. The 2016 Presidential Primaries   While Clintons candidacy was years in the making  - she began laying the groundwork for 2016 when she dropped out of the Democratic primaries against Barack Obama  - Trumps candidacy for the White House was quickly dismissed as a lark. He began amid the largest field of presidential hopefuls in 100 years; 17 candidates were seeking the Republican presidential nomination at one point. The unsuccessful Republican candidates were: Jeb Bush, a former Florida governor.Ben Carson, a retired neurosurgeon. Chris Christie, the New Jersey governor. Ted Cruz, a U.S. senator from Texas.Carly Fiorina, a former business executive.Jim Gilmore, a former Virginia governor.Lindsey Graham, a U.S. senator from South Carolina.  Mike Huckabee, a former Arkansas governor.  Bobby Jindal, the Louisiana governor.   John Kasich, the Ohio governor.George Pataki, a former New York governor.Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky.Rick Perry, a former Texas governor.Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida. Rick Santorum, a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania.Scott Walker, the governor of Wisconsin. Clinton struggled to close her partys presidential nomination. Vermont U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders drew large crowds during the party primaries because of his passionate speeches about income inequality in the corrupting influence of money in the American political system. Where Clintons campaign suffered from a lack of enthusiasm among young voters, Sanders was benefiting from a similar youth uprising that Obama experienced in 2008.   The  unsuccessful Democratic  candidates  were: Lincoln Chafee, a former governor of Rhode Island.Lawrence Lessig, a Harvard professor.Martin OMalley, the governor of Maryland. Bernie Sanders, a U.S. senator from Vermont.Jim Webb, a former U.S. senator from Virginia.

Who does the task People or machines. What is the right mix Essay

Who does the task People or machines. What is the right mix - Essay Example A task is the name or identification of a simple work or a complex project that can have sub-tasks or strings of works attached to it (Anderson 1999). Going by this it is a representation of a structure of activities. Such activities, in an industrial or a production context could mean involvement of both men and machines for its execution or implementation. The task in the earlier days was entirely conducted by men and was thus people oriented and they used a few tools in order to organize the task or ease its progress. These tools could be said to be simple form of machines and were invented or improvised by people to facilitate the conduct of their work for carrying out the task to their satisfaction. With advance in civilization and knowledge people invented machines first to simplify their tasks and later to provide assistance in their task. In modern times there a many tasks that are carried out with the use of machines only requiring no human intervention which make the task almost entirely machine oriented. It can be seen that tasks have become more complex with the advent of time but the two ends of the spectrum have remained people and machines. Apparently one cannot do without the other and this raises the questions of importance, relevance, priorities and hierarchy that are manifest in the topic â€Å"Who does the task? People or machines†. Before the Industrial Revolution work was generally people oriented. The worker was the one who planned work and executed it, using and manipulating various tools of his trade to assist him in increasing productivity, improving quality and reducing costs. With introduction of mechanization in the late 18th century the concept of division of labor became an important feature that took away the characteristic of ownership of the work from a person to several persons. This was generally the time when Adam Smith in his book Wealth of Nations (1776) stated that labor [meaning

Information system Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Information system - Article Example Procedure / Research Business Need: The labour cost control is used to control the situation of overstaffing of breakfast service, and thus can reduce the unnecessary labour expenses of the fine dining restaurant to the accepted budget range, with better using of resources for providing high-quality customer services with efficiency (James, 2003). Functionality: The functionality of the system should have is listed below: Identify the staff mix of morning shift in required number according to the occupancy of the day Defining hourly pay of staff and supervisors Budgeting the staff cost of breakfast service weekly Expected Value: We expect the project can decrease the labour cost of the fine dining restaurant which is led by the overstaffing of breakfast service, due to the ineffective way of rostering. On the other hand, improve customer satisfaction for reducing the complaints about the service inefficiency. Tangible: Reduce the annual total labour cost by 5% Reduce the yearly customer complaints calls by 10% Intangible: Improve staff efficiency Improve customer satisfaction Special Issues or Constraints: F&B manager mandates deadline for 31st May next year The system needed to be in place for the next financial year Technical feasibility Although some risks are presented, the Labour Cost Control System is considered to be technical feasible. The System's risk based on familiarity with application is medium: Microsoft Office such as Words and spreadsheets are commonly used in each department; and management staff had all trained to ensure their competency level of skills and knowledge IT department also has rich experience and knowledge in the utilisation of Microsoft Office and other relevant softwares However, many choices of... The first section is staged at gathering requirements and modelling the system in accordance to it. The design issues are handled in this stage which allows deeper penetration into the system for understanding the business process flows (Boehm, 2001). The labour cost control is used to control the situation of overstaffing of breakfast service, and thus can reduce the unnecessary labour expenses of the fine dining restaurant to the accepted budget range, with better using of resources for providing high-quality customer services with efficiency (James, 2003). We expect the project can decrease the labour cost of the fine dining restaurant which is led by the overstaffing of breakfast service, due to the ineffective way of rostering. On the other hand, improve customer satisfaction for reducing the complaints about the service inefficiency. From the organisational point of view, the project is considered to be low risk and expected to have high investment return (ROI - 182.30%). The project's objective focuses on reducing the labour expenses of the restaurant through breakfast service.